Frequency and Pattern of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance in Blood Culture Samples of Hospitalized Patients in Besat Hospital in Hamadan (2010-2020)

Background and Objective: In recent years, resistance to antibiotics and the emergence of different strains of resistant bacteria have been the main concern of the World Health Organization and healthcare workers. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of bacterial antibiotic resistance in blood culture samples of hospitalized patients in Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients who were referred to Besat Hospital of Hamadan with sepsis symptoms over 10 years. Results: In this study, 1,790 patients with positive blood cultures were examined. The mean age of the patients was 24.81 years, and 58.9% of the patients with positive blood cultures were male. Most of the patients (38.4%) were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. It was revealed that 48.8% of positive blood cultures were gram-negative bacteria and 49.1% were gram-positive bacteria. The most common isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Based on the results, the highest resistance was shown to cefixime (70.6%) and cefpodoxime (67.5%), and the highest susceptibility to vancomycin (98.5%), piperacillin-tazobactam (71.7%), and meropenem (70%). Conclusion: The resistance of bacteria to available antibiotics in Besat Hospital of Hamadan is considerable and leads to worries about using antibiotics and the prevalence of their resistance in Hamedan city; therefore, implementing serious interventions and reviewing the prescribing and consumption must be overemphasized