Pathways to higher education: the aspirations of first and second generation immigrants and the permeability of educational tracks in France, Switzerland and Canada

Do immigrant youths have the same educational opportunities and pathways to higher education in the three countries as native youths, according to their aspirations? The authors are interested in the possible reinforcement or reduction of educational inequalities arising from country-specific educational policies designed to increase the enrolment in tertiary education, particularly the flow from upper-secondary vocational educational tracks to higher tertiary ones. Using panel data from France (DEPP), Switzerland (TREE) and Canada (YITS) and applying multinomial logistic regression models, they analyse the accessibility of different institutional pathways to higher education while taking into account the different characteristics of the students, focusing on vulnerable immigrant groups in each countr