The effectiveness of an education intervention based on self-care model on diabetes self-management behaviors and glycemic control

Introduction: The needs of diabetic patients are not only limited to adequate glycemic control but also correspond with preventing complications and increasing their awareness to participate in self-management. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of an education intervention based on self-care model to Diabetes self-management behaviour (DSM behaviour). Methods: The study was conducted from January to August 2021 at diabetic clinics of Thika level 5 hospital (TL5H) and Kiambu level 5 hospital (KL5H). The study employed a pre-test post-test non-equivalent quasi-experimental study design. There were 96 adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) obtained by stratified random sampling technique, and assigned into experimental (48 respondents) and control group (48 respondents). Diabetes self-management behaviours were evaluated in the first and seventh month using The Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. Paired sample T-Test and Independent T-test was used to analyze data. Results: Paired sample T-test statistical revealed a significant difference in increasing level of DSM Behaviour and decreasing HbA1c (p < 0.05) before and after the intervention; Independent T-test discovered a significant difference on DSM Behaviour and HbA1c (p < 0.05) between the intervention and control group at post-intervention. Conclusions: Education intervention based on self-care model is an effective program that can improve DSM Behaviour and HbA1c level. In addition, the education intervention based on self-care model needs to be implemented continuously to prevent complications and improve self-care and HbA1c level for diabetic patients