Voice Simulation: The Next Generation

Simulation of the acoustics and biomechanics of sound production in humans and animals began half a century ago. The three major components are the mechanics of tissue under self-sustained oscillation, the transport of air from the lungs to the lips, and the propagation of sound in the airways. Both low-dimensional and high-dimensional computer models have successfully predicted control of pitch, loudness, spectral content, vowel production, and many other features of speaking and singing. However, the problems of computational efficiency, validity, and accuracy have not been adequately addressed. Low-dimensional models are often more revealing of nonlinear phenomena in coupled oscillators, but the simplifying assumptions are not always validated. High-dimensional models can provide more accuracy, but interpretations of results are sometimes clouded by computational redundancy and uncertainty of parameters. The next generation will likely combine pre-calculations and machine learning with abbreviated critical calculations