Reducing the Computational Cost for Artificial Intelligence-Based Battery State-of-Health Estimation in Charging Events

Powertrain electrification is bound to pave the way for the decarbonization process and pollutant emission reduction of the automotive sector, and strong attention should hence be devoted to the electrical energy storage system. Within such a framework, the lithium-ion battery plays a key role in the energy scenario, and the reduction of lifetime due to the cell degradation during its usage is bound to be a topical challenge. The aim of this work is to estimate the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion battery cells with satisfactory accuracy and low computational cost. This would allow the battery management system (BMS) to guarantee optimal operation and extended cell lifetime. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms proved to be a promising data-driven modelling technique for the cell SOH prediction due to their great suitability and low computational demand. An accurate on-board SOH estimation is achieved through the identification of an optimal SOC window within the cell charging process. Several Bi-LSTM networks have been trained through a random-search algorithm exploiting constant current constant voltage (CCCV) test protocol data. Different analyses have been performed and evaluated as a trade-off between prediction performance (in terms of RMSE and customized accuracy) and computational burden (in terms of memory usage and elapsing time). Results reveal that the battery state of health can be predicted by a single-layer Bi-LSTM network with an error of 0.4% while just monitoring 40% of the entire charging process related to 60–100% SOC window, corresponding to the constant-voltage (CV) phase. Finally, results show that the amount of memory used for data logging and processing time has been cut by a factor of approximately 2.3