Transvenous Lead Extraction Procedure—Indications, Methods, and Complications

Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is a complex and technically challenging procedure useful in the management strategy for many complications related to the presence of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The decision to perform lead extraction should take into consideration the clinical indication for the procedure, risks versus benefits, extractor and team experience, and also patient preference for the procedure. A variety of techniques can be used when performing TLE procedures, such as simple traction, traction devices, and various types of sheaths or snares. TLE is a procedure with a potentially high risk of complications that can be divided into major complications, which require rapid intervention, and minor complications, which are more frequent but are not life-threatening. The present review aims to highlight the indications, contraindications, methods, and complications of transvenous lead extraction procedures