Effects of Warming on Microbial Community Characteristics in the Soil Surface Layer of Niaodao Wetland in the Qinghai Lake Basin

Lakeshore wetlands are important terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, and the lakeshore wetlands of the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive to climate change. Therefore, in the context of global warming, studying the effects of temperature rise on surface soil microbial communities is essential for wetland biodiversity conservation. In this study, we used metagenomic sequencing to examine changes in the structure of surface soil microbial communities and their metabolic pathways in the Niaodao lakeshore wetland (NLW) in Qinghai Lake at 1.2 °C warming. Under natural control and warming conditions, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most dominant bacterial phyla, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the predominant fungal phyla. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature affected the relative abundances of the dominant soil microbes. Effect size estimation in a linear discriminant analysis revealed 11 differential pathways between warming and natural conditions. Warming considerably enhanced the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathways but inhibited the ATP-binding cassette transporter pathway. Warming treatment affected α-diversity indices, with an increase in the Shannon, Chao1, and richness indices and a decrease in the Simpson index compared with the index changes for the natural control conditions. Analysis of similarities showed significant differences between warming and control samples. Overall, temperature rise altered surface soil microbial community structure and increased surface soil microbial diversity and abundance in NLW