Precipitation amount and event intervals interact to change plant diversity during dry years in a desert shrubland

Variations in species diversity and soil properties in response to future climate change is a key focus area in ecological research. The influence of precipitation amount on plant community diversity and soil properties, in sandy desert ecosystems, is poorly studied. We chose the Artemisia ordosica community to examine how diversity, and the physical and chemical properties of soil vary in response to changes in precipitation. An in situ experimental platform was used to simulate total monthly precipitation at specific intervals in a desert-grassland region of northern China. The influence of precipitation on the community was investigated using three precipitation amount levels and two intervals. The relative density, coverage, and frequency of species in each experimental quadrat was analyzed for evaluating the community structure. Results showed that variability in precipitation amounts and intervals altered the species diversity in the A. ordosica communities. Increased precipitation amount enhanced whole community’s species diversity via improving the richness of perennial forbs. Lengthening the precipitation intervals enhanced whole community’s species diversity in the context of low precipitation amount but reduced species diversity in high precipitation amount condition. The precipitation patterns affected community species composition and diversity mainly by controlling soil moisture, secondly by changing the nitrogen and organic matter content of the surficial soils. This study revealed that effects of precipitation interval on the species diversity depended on annual precipitation amount and offer an innovative insight to evaluating the succession of desert ecosystems in the context of precipitation change in the future