Comparing Object-Based and Pixel-Based Methods for Local Climate Zones Mapping with Multi-Source Data

The local climate zones (LCZs) system, a standard framework characterizing urban form and environment, effectively promotes urban remote sensing research, especially urban heat island (UHI) research. However, whether mapping with objects is more advantageous than with pixels in LCZ mapping remains uncertain. This study aims to compare object-based and pixel-based LCZ mapping with multi-source data in detail. By comparing the object-based method with the pixel-based method in 50 and 100 m, respectively, we found that the object-based method performed better with overall accuracy (OA) higher at approximately 2% and 5%, respectively. In per-class analysis, the object-based method showed a clear advantage in the land cover types and competitive performance in built types while LCZ2, LCZ5, and LCZ6 performed better with the pixel-based method in 50 m. We further employed correlation-based feature selection (CFS) to evaluate feature importance in the object-based paradigm, finding that building height (BH), sky view factor (SVF), building surface fraction (BSF), permeable surface fraction (PSF), and land use exhibited high selection frequency while image bands were scarcely selected. In summary, we concluded that the object-based method is capable of LCZ mapping and performs better than the pixel-based method under the same training condition unless in under-segmentation cases