Global mortality of snakebite envenoming between 1990 and 2019
- Roberts, Nicholas L. S.
- Johnson, Emily K.
- Zeng, Scott M.
- Hamilton, Erin B.
- Abdoli, Amir
- Alahdab, Fares
- Alipour, Vahid
- Ancuceanu, Robert
- Andrei, Catalina Liliana
- Anvari, Davood
- Arabloo, Jalal
- Ausloos, Marcel
- Awedew, Atalel Fentahun
- Badiye, Ashish D.
- Bakkannavar, Shankar M.
- Bhalla, Ashish
- Bhardwaj, Nikha
- Bhardwaj, Pankaj
- Bhaumik, Soumyadeep
- Bijani, Ali
- Boloor, Archith
- Cai, Tianji
- Carvalho, Felix
- Chu, Dinh-Toi
- Couto, Rosa A. S.
- Dai, Xiaochen
- Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu
- Do, Hoa Thi
- Earl, Lucas
- Eftekhari, Aziz
- Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz
- Farzadfar, Farshad
- Fernandes, Eduarda
- Filip, Irina
- Foroutan, Masoud
- Franklin, Richard Charles
- Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
- Gebregiorgis, Birhan Gebresillassie
- Gebremichael, Berhe
- Ghashghaee, Ahmad
- Golechha, Mahaveer
- Hamidi, Samer
- Haque, Syed Emdadul
- Hayat, Khezar
- Herteliu, Claudiu
- Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
- Islam, M. Mofizul
- Jagnoor, Jagnoor
- Kanchan, Tanuj
- Kapoor, Neeti
- Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
- Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli
- Khundkar, Roba
- Krishan, Kewal
- Kumar, G. Anil
- Kumar, Nithin
- Landires, Ivan
- Lim, Stephen S.
- Madadin, Mohammed
- Maled, Venkatesh
- Manafi, Navid
- Marczak, Laurie B.
- Menezes, Ritesh G.
- Meretoja, Tuomo J.
- Miller, Ted R.
- Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
- Mokdad, Ali H.
- Monteiro, Francis N. P.
- Moradi, Maryam
- Nayak, Vinod C.
- Nguyen, Cuong Tat
- Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
- Nunez-Samudio, Virginia
- Ostroff, Samuel M.
- Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
- Pham, Hai Quang
- Pinheiro, Marina
- Pirestani, Majid
- Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi
- Rabiee, Navid
- Radfar, Amir
- Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
- Rao, Sowmya J.
- Rastogi, Prateek
- Rawaf, David Laith
- Rawaf, Salman
- Reiner, Robert C.
- Sahebkar, Amirhossein
- Samy, Abdallah M.
- Sawhney, Monika
- Schwebel, David C.
- Senthilkumaran, Subramanian
- Shaikh, Masood Ali
- Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
- Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna
- Soheili, Amin
- Stokes, Mark A.
- Thapar, Rekha
- Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
- Tran, Bach Xuan
- Travillian, Ravensara S.
- Velazquez, Diana Zuleika
- Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
- Naghavi, Mohsen
- Dandona, Rakhi
- Dandona, Lalit
- James, Spencer L.
- Pigott, David M.
- Murray, Christopher J. L.
- Hay, Simon
- Vos, Theo
- Ong, Kanyin Liane
DOIAbstract
Snakebite envenoming is an important cause of preventable death. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to halve snakebite mortality by 2030. We used verbal autopsy and vital registration data to model the proportion of venomous animal deaths due to snakes by location, age, year, and sex, and applied these proportions to venomous animal contact mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. In 2019, 63,400 people (95% uncertainty interval 38,900-78,600) died globally from snakebites, which was equal to an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 0.8 deaths (0.5-1.0) per 100,000 and represents a 36% (2-49) decrease in ASMR since 1990. India had the greatest number of deaths in 2019, equal to an ASMR of 4.0 per 100...
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