Parking space inventory from above: Detection on aerial images and estimation for unobserved regions

Parking is a vital component of today's transportation system and descriptive data are therefore of great importance for urban planning and traffic management. However, data quality is often low: managed parking places may only be partially inventoried, or parking at the curbside and on private ground may be missing. This paper presents a processing chain in which remote sensing data and statistical methods are combined to provide parking area estimates. First, parking spaces and other traffic areas are detected from aerial imagery using a convolutional neural network. Individual image segmentations are fused to increase completeness. Next, a Gamma hurdle model is estimated using the detected parking areas and OpenStreetMap and land use data to predict the parking area adjacent to streets. We find a systematic relationship between the road length and type and the parking area obtained. We suggest that our results are informative to those needing information on parking in structurally similar regions