Influence of spontaneous and surgical menopause on atherogenic metabolic risk

We evaluated serum total-, LDL-, HDL-, cholesterol and triglycerides in 858 women. Sixty-seven were in premenopause, 307 in perimenopause, 326 in spontaneous menopause, and 158 women underwent hysterectomy. Of these, 101 had bilateral ovariectomy, 24 with unilateral ovariectomy and 33 with retention of both ovaries. After correcting for chronological age and body mass index by variance analysis, it was found that total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol significantly increased during menopause without changes in the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio. The changes gradually occurred during the months preceding spontaneous cessation of menses. Atherogenic metabolic risk (as relative risk of high total and LDL-cholesterol, estimated by logistic regression analysis) significantly increased in all groups of women in reference to premenopause. The risk observed in surgical menopause with bilateral ovariectomy was higher than in spontaneous menopause, and conservation of ovaries in hysterectomized women seems to protect only partially against such an increas