GENERATION OF REACTIVE CHLORINE SPECIES ON HIGHLY POROUS THICK WO3 PHOTOANODE

GENERATION OF REACTIVE CHLORINE SPECIES ON HIGHLY POROUS THICK WO3 PHOTOANODE Maliha Parvin, Milda Petrulevičienė, Irena Savickaja, Jurga Juodkazytė Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius email: maliha.parvin@ftmc.lt Photoelectrochemical (PEC) generation of reactive chlorine species (RCS) has been attracting increasing attention recently because it can be coupled with H2 production in light-assisted splitting of aqueous chloride solutions. Tungsten (VI) oxide has been intensively studied as photoanode material due to its highly tunable composition, chemical stability, relatively narrow band gap of 2.6-2.7 eV, which allows absorbing of ~ 12% of solar light, and good charge carrier transport properties (hole diffusion length is ~150 nm)., Photoelectrochemical (PEC) generation of reactive chlorine species (RCS) In this study, porous WO3 films were formed on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates by low temperature chemical bath deposition (CBD) and tested for PEC chloride oxidation [1-3]. WO3 photoanode was prepared using facile chemical bath deposition method in HCl acid medium. Cleaned FTO substrates were immersed into the solution and the deposition was allowed to proceed for two hours. The films were annealed at 400 oC. The same procedure was repeated four times to obtain layers with increasing thickness. The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Fig.1). Photoelectrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA). SEM analysis revealed that WO3 coatings are composed of clusters of randomly oriented nanosheets. With first coating procedure, only about 420 nm thickness of WO3 nanostructured film was obtained. After four chemical bath deposition cycles, several micrometers thick porous WO3 layers were formed. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) of different layers of WO3 photoanodes were measured in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.5 M NaCl under light to evaluate the PEC performance of the film and production of RCS respectively. Photocurrent density of CBD-deposited WO3 films was found to be increasing with the increasing layer thickness. Speciation of photoelectrochemically formed RCS in the solution was analyzed by iodometric titration. Almost 100% efficiency of PEC formation of RCS has been observed. Acknowledgement: This research was funded by the M-ERA.NET project “Multiscale computer modelling, synthesis and rational design of photo(electro)catalysts for efficient visible-light-driven seawater splitting” (CatWatSplit), Ref. Number: project8168, under a grant agreement Nr. S-M-ERA.NET-21-3 with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT). References 1. X. Li, M. Kan, T. Wang, Z. Qin, T. Zhang, X. Qian, and Y. Zhao, Y. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 296, 120387 (2021). 2. A.G. Breuhaus-Alvarez, Q. Cheek, J. Cooper, S. Maldonado, and B.M. Bartlett, Phys. Chem. C. 125, 8543 (2021). 3. S. Iguchi, Y. Miseki and K. Sayama, Sustain. Energy Fuels. 2, 155 (2018)