Zdravstvena njega žena u postpartalnom periodu

Postpartalno razdoblje, babinje ili puerperij počinje završetkom poroda, odnosno završetkom četvrtog porodnog doba. Puerperij traje šest tjedana, sve dok se organizam babinjače ne vrati u stanje kakvo je bilo prije trudnoće. U tom razdoblju organizam babinjače prolazi kroz brojne promjene, a promjenama su zahvaćeni svi tjelesni sustavi. Najviše se očituju na genitalnom sustavu, gdje dolazi do involucije genitalnih organa koji su za vrijeme trudnoće i poroda bili promijenjeni te na dojkama gdje dolazi do laktacije. Prvih četrnaest dana puerperija najrizičniji su za babinjaču. Na prvom mjestu rizik predstavljaju fizički čimbenici, a zatim i psihičke promjene kroz koje babinjača prolazi. Važno je upoznati se s komplikacijama puerperija kako bi se što ranije prepoznale i na pravi način liječile. U proces skrbi uključeni mogu biti različiti stručnjaci koji pridonose očuvanju zdravlja, prevenciji bolesti i komplikacija postpartalnog razdoblja te vraćanju narušenog zdravlja babinjače. Važnu ulogu u ovom razdoblju imaju patronažne sestre. Njihova zadaća je brojna, potrebno je prvenstveno educirati babinjaču o svim promjenama koje se događaju u puerperiju, mogućim komplikacijama, fiziologiji reproduktivnog sustava, fiziologiji laktacije i dojenju, prehrani, odnosu s obitelji i novim članom te pružiti psihološku podršku. Prilikom dolaska patronažne sestre u posjet babinjači slijedi procjena stanja babinjače, kako fizičkog tako i psihičkog. U skladu s procjenom, patronažna sestra određuje potrebe babinjače, priprema plan zdravstvene njege. Sukladno s potrebama babinjače patronažna sestra određuje sestrinske dijagnoze, ciljeve, intervencije i evaluaciju. Intervencije provodi patronažna sestra i medicinske sestre u kućnoj njezi po potrebi, težeći ostvarenju zadanog cilja. Skrb patronažne sestre ima za cilj postizanje maksimalne samostalnosti i sigurnosti babinjače, očuvanje fizičkog i psihičkog zdravlja te prilagodbu babinjače na novonastale promjene.Postpartum period, confinement or purperium begins upon completion of delivery or upon completion of the fourth stage of labor. Purperium's duration is six weeks, provided the confinement organism does not return to the state in which it was pre-pregnancy. In this period the mother's body transcendes through a multitude of changes, all of which affect the physical attributes and systems of the body. Most changes are reflected in the genital tract, which leads to the involution of the genital organs due to pregnancy/childbirth and changes to the breasts occurred during lactation. The first fortheen days of purperium are of the highest risk during the postpartum period. The primary risk factor is that of a physical nature, followed by a psychological impact/mental changes. It is exponentially important to become familiar with the potential complications of puerperium, how they could be recognized early and the proper treated. The out-patient/post-delivery care and healing process can include experts which contribute to overall general preservation of health and wellbeing, disease prevention, postpartum period complications, and the restoing of impacted/damaged health. In this period, visiting nurses play very immportant role. Their task is expansive, however, their primary role is to educate the mother of the changes which occur during purperium, possible complications, physiology of the reproductive system, physiology of lactation and breastfeeding, nutrition, relationships with family and new family members, and provide psychologycal support. During the nurses visits to the mother, nurses will assess the mother's condition, both physical and psyhological. In accordance with the assessment, visiting nurse determines requisites of confinement, preparing health care plan. According to the assessent the nurse determines diagnosis, goals, interventions and evaluation. The interventions carried out by the nurse will strive for a set goal. Care of visiting nurses aim to achieve maximum independence and safety of the mother, to include the preservation of physical and psyhological health as well as the adjustment of the mother to new changes