A re-evaluation of geographical distribution of charcoal rot on sunflower crop in various agroecological zones of Pakistan

A countrywide survey was conducted to update the status of charcoal rot on sunflower crop in Pakistan. During survey, charcoal rot was observed as a serious threat to sunflower. The areas like Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan and Sahiwal which were reported disease free in 1996, showed occurrence of the disease but Sahiwal showed high incidence and severity in 1999. Distribution of the disease in Sindh, Punjab and NWFP provinces was 85, 83 and 48% respectively. Among Provinces NWFP showed highest incidence57%, and Punjab exhibited highest severity 2.62 according to 0-5 severity rating scale. Continuous increasing trend of charcoal rot is alarming for farmers and authorities engaged in sunflower business