Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Arabic version of Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Patients with Stroke

Self-efficacy has an important impact on rehabilitation outcomes in stroke. The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire assesses performance in daily functional activities and self-management following a stroke. To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) into the Arabic language and to assess its psychometric properties among patients with stroke. SSEQ was translated into Modern Arabic and then translated back into English. An expert review panel produced a pre-final version of SSEQ-AR, which was followed by a pilot test with a sample of 15 patients with stroke. The psychometric properties of the final version of the SSEQ-AR were evaluated in 135 patients with stroke. Cronbach’s alpha and ICC were calculated to describe the internal consistency and test–retest reliability, respectively. Short-Form Survey (SF-12) physical and mental subscales and Fall Efficacy Scale International were used to determine the construct validity. The total score of the SSEQ-AR and subscales showed a strong to very strong (ICC2,1 0.89–0.92), and acceptable internal consistency for two subscales (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81 to 0.94) and total (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93). The SSEQ-AR subscales showed a good correlation with physical component subscales of SF-12 (r = 0.64–0.72) and excellent correlation with FES-I in total (r = 0.82) and with subscales (r = 0.75–0.79). This study shows that SSEQ-AR is a reliable and valid instrument that assesses the level of self-efficacy for patients with stroke in Arabic-speaking countries