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Not AvailableThis chapter provides an overview of the parametric and non-parametric statistical tests used for investigating the homogeneity and the trend in hydrological variables with a focus on the Mann-Kendall (M-K) test and innovative trend analysis (ITA) method. Modifications suggested in both the M-K and ITA tests are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, a case study is presented where the seasonal (monsoon, post-monsoon, winter and pre-monsoon) and annual rainfall of a hot arid region of India are examined for the presence of trends using two tests, i.e., variance-corrected M-K test and ITA test and for the homogeneity using four tests, i.e., Tukey, Link-Wallace, Bartlett, and Hartley tests. The M-K test depicts positive (increasing) trends at 90 and 87% sites in the monsoon and annual rainfall, respectively, and statistically significant trends at 4 sites (p