Possible alterations of synaptic plasticity within different amygdaloid nuclei of alcohol dependent rats

Chronic alcohol abuse is one of the most common addictions and one of the most substantial public health problems as it affects millions of people physically as well as mentally around the world. Globally more than 3 million deaths are assignable to alcohol intake each year. Chronic alcoholism is a multi-component disease and its development is associated with both environmental as well as genetic factors. However, the key mechanisms underlying an addiction, especially on a cellular and physiological basis, are still unknown. Bio-medically an influence of chronic alcohol consumption on synaptic plasticity in the brain of humans as well as rodents has been proven. On the dendritic shaft of nervous brain cells, small membrane protrusions called dendritic spines can be found. These spines possess the capacity to change their morphology and quantity and are thought to play an important role in learning and memory forming, and seem to be impaired in multiple neurological disorders. These dynamics are called synaptic plasticity. Most of these studies however, were carried out on the cortex. These previous observations raise the question whether such alterations in synaptic plasticity can also be observed in regions of the brain that contribute to the limbic system and therefore to the processing of emotional responses, learning and decision making. The amygdala is of special interest when trying to understand the neurobiology and pathophysiology that lead to the emergence and up keeping of an alcohol addiction. In this thesis a closer look has been taken at possible alterations in synaptic plasticity within different amygdaloid nuclei by the help of a rat model. These rats were put into the so called postdependent state, one of the most common animal models to investigate excessive ethanol intake in rodents. The postdependent state is a model in which the key driving force to obtain alcohol as part of a preserved addiction cycle is based on negative affect. Studies showed differences in the behavioural outcome of those animals that were exposed to chronic intermittent alcohol consumption compared to a control group, so it was of special interest to see whether those behavioural changes also show on a cellular basis. In the study, a morphological comparison of the spine length as well as the spine density of alcohol dependent rats with a comparable control group has been made. The medial, the central, the lateral and the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus were of special interest in this research project. The results showed no significant difference of the spine densities in any of the four amygdaloid regions. When comparing the spine morphology within the ethanol and the control group, differences showed in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus. In this region the spines of the ethanol group were significantly smaller. This leads to the conclusion that chronic alcohol intake can have an influence on the spine morphology and hence alter anatomical brain structures