Exploitation indicators of agricultural mechanization and different tillage systems influence on crops yield formation

Sustav obrade tla može se istaknuti kao jedan od važnijih načina ublažavanja trenutno vrlo nepovoljnih klimatskih prilika te osiguranja redovitih i visokih (optimalnih) prinosa. Trogodišnje istraživanje provedeno je na teškom pseudoglejnom tlu Brodsko-posavske županije u mjestu Donja Vrba. Tijekom istraživanja promatrane su kulture u plodoredu kako slijedi: 1. godina soja (Glycine max L.); 2. godina kukuruz (Zea mays L.) i 3. godina ozima pšenica (Triticum aestivum L.). Pokus je postavljen kao potpuno randomizirani blok-dizajn u četiri repeticije s glavnim faktorom: sustav obrade tla (konvencionalna obrada tla (CT), tanjuranje (DH), rahljenje (CH) i podrivanje (SS)), podfaktorom: radna brzina pri sjetvi i podpodfaktorom: tlakovi pneumatika u sjetvi. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj sustava obrade tla na zbijanje tla, na pokrivenost žetvenim ostatcima i vlažnost površinskog sloja tla, na utrošak goriva traktora u radu te na pokazatelje komponenti prinosa istraživanih kultura i visinu prinosa. Primijenjeni sustavi obrade tla rezultirali su različitom zbijenosti tla pa je najdublje provedena obrada tla SS ostvarila najmanji otpor, a DH obrada najveći otpor u sve tri godine istraživanja. Najveći prinosi, žetveni indeks i visoki biološki prinos u uzgoju soje i kukuruza ostvaren je na SS i CH te potom na DH i CT sustavu obrade tla. Konvencionalna CT i duboka SS obrada tla polučile su najlošije rezultate utroška goriva u sve tri godine istraživanja. Rezultati istraživanja ističu CH konzervacijski sustav obrade tla kao optimalno rješenje za uštedu utroška energenata u proizvodnji ratarskih kultura.The tillage system can be evaluated as one of the most important ways to mitigate the currently very unfavorable climatic conditions and ensure high (optimal) yields. The three-year research was conducted on heavy pseudogley soil of Brodsko-Posavska County in Donja Vrba. During the research, crops were observed in crop rotation as follows: 1st year of cultivation (Glycine max L.); 2nd year maize (Zea mays L.) and 3rd year winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was set up as a completely randomized block design in four repetitions where the main factor was tillage system (conventional tillage (CT), disk harrowing (DH), chisseling (CH), and subsoiling (SS)), the sub-factor was working speed uring sowing and the sub-sub-factor was tire pressures during sowing. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of tillage systems on soil compaction, on the crop residues coverage, surface soil moisture, on tractor fuel consumption during tillage operations and on crop yield indicators. The applied tillage systems resulted with different soil compaction, so the deepest soil tillage SS achieved the lowest penetrometric resistance, and DH tillage has caused the highest resistance in all three years of research. The highest yields, harvest index and high biological yield in soybean and maize cultivation were achieved as followes on SS and CH and then on DH and CT tillage system. Conventional CT and deep SS tillage offer the worst fuel consumption results in all three years of study. These results lead to conclusion that CH conservation tillage system as an optimal solution for saving energy consumption in crop production