Phytochemical Investigation and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Syzygium jambos Fruit and Its Seed

Background: Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston is part of the Myrtaceae family. The fruit of this plant is commonly known as “Rose apple”, “Malabar plum” and “Golap-jam” in West Bengal (India). This fruit and its seed have been used in the traditional medicinal system for a long time. Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts, total phenolic & flavonoid content and 13 different methods of in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, site-specific & non-site-specific hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, PFRAP, FTC, total antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging, TBARS, FRAP & CUPRAC) of Syzygium jambos fruit and its seed. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, saponin, and carbohydrates except for steroids and terpenoids. The total phenolic content & flavonoid content of Syzygium jambos fruit and its seed was found to be (S.jambos fruit -127.61 mg of GAE/100g, S.jambos seed - 217.34 mg of GAE/100g) & ( S.jambos fruit -8.64 mg of QE/100g, S.jambos seed- 15.97 mg of QE/100g) respectively. The fruit and its seed also showed significantly strong antioxidant activity in different in vitro methods. Conclusion: The Syzygium jambos fruit and its seed have an adequate quantity of phytochemicals that act as an antioxidant and scavenge free radicals efficiently. So, the fruit & its seed may be considered as effective in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-induced diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, arthritis, gout, neurodegenerative diseases, and respiratory tract infections.&nbsp