Modulation of nutritional treatments in enrichicement of table eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Esencijalne masne kiseline EPA i DHA imaju posebnu ulogu u fiziološkim procesima i preveniraju kardiovaskularnih bolesti kod ljudi i zato je obogaćivanje jaja s n-3 PUFA predmet brojnih istraživanja. Jaja se mogu obogatiti s n-3 PUFA ako se nesilice hrane smjesama koje sadrže biljna ulja, posebice laneno i repičino te riblje ulje i mikroalge Schizochytrium limacinum. Rezultati naših istraživanja pokazuju najbolju učinkovitost deponiranja ALA, EPA i DHA te Σn-3 PUFA u lipide žumanjaka ako hrana nesilica sadrži kombinaciju ribljeg (1,5 %) i lanenog (3,5 %), odnosno 1,5 % ribljeg ulja i 3,5 % biljnih ulja. Zamjena ribljeg ulja (1,5 %) s mikroalgama Schizochytrium limacinum (1,5 %) pokazala se također efikasnom u obogaćivanju jaja s n-3 PUFA. Rezultati naših istraživanja kao i drugih autora pokazuju najbolju učinkovitost deponiranja Σn-3 PUFA u jaja upotrebom lanenog i ribljeg ulja u hranidbi nesilica. Modulacijom hranidbenih tretmana postignuto je obogaćivanje jaja s n-3 PUFA u većem broju istraživanja, do koncentracije na temelju koje se jaja mogu smatrati funkcionalnim proizvodom. Pri tome je smanjen omjer Σn-6/Σn-3 PUFA do poželjnih 4-5:1 vrijednosti.The essential fatty acids EPA and DHA have a special role in physiological processes and prevent cardiovascular diseases in humans, and that is the reason for numerous studies for enriching eggs with n-3 PUFA. Eggs can be enriched with n-3 PUFA if laying hens are fed mixtures that contains vegetable oils, especially linseed oil and rapeseed oil, as well as fish oil and the microalgae Schizochytrium limacinum. The obtained results show the best efficiency of depositing ALA, EPA and DHA and Σn-3 PUFA in yolk lipids if the feed of laying hens contains a combination of fish (1.5%) and linseed (1,.5%) or fish oil (1.5%) and vegetable oils (3.5%). The supstitution 1.5% of fish oil with the microalgae Schizochytrium limacinum (1.5%) was also effective in enriching eggs with n-3 PUFA. The results of our study and those of other authors show that the best efficiency of depositing Σn-3 PUFA in eggs is by using linseed and fish oil in the feeding of laying hens. By modulating nutritional treatments, enrichment of eggs with n-3 PUFA was achieved in a large number of studies, up to a concentration based on which eggs can be considered a functional product. In doing so, the Σn-6/Σn-3 PUFA ratio was reduced to the desirable 4-5:1 value