AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK OF INHERENTLY SAFER DESIGN ASSESSMENT FOR PRELIMINARY DESIGN STAGE

The conventional safety approach, which has become a common practice in chemical process industries, is conducted through an active and passive strategy in order to control or reduce the impact of an accident. Despite this approach being capable of increasing the safety level of a plant, major accidents have been recurring over the years. The best alternative to solve this problem is by implementing the inherently safer design (ISD) concept which focuses on eliminating and reducing the hazards at their source. This concept has been increasingly recognised as the strategy for achieving a safer process plant. However, the implementation of this concept has been impeded in industries, partly due to the shortage of reliable tools that are capable of (1) enhancing the understanding related to ISD modification, (2) demonstrating the benefits of its implementation, and (3) resolving the conflict that arise, which will ultimately facilitate the decision-making process