Structural Integrity of Offshore Platform Duyong (PMO), Kinabalu(SBO) and Tukau (SKO) Under Seismic Loadings in Malaysian Offshore

Malaysia is underlain by soft soils. This soft soil has the possibility to amplify the seismic waves from distant earthquakes in subduction zones such as: Sulawesi and Sumatra that approach the bedrock of Malaysia. However, the fixed offshore structures in Malaysian waters are not designed to undertake the seismic loadings. Therefore, a study of offshore platform integrity under seismic loadings in Peninsular Malaysia Operation (PMO), Sabah Operation (SBO) and Sarawak Operation (SKO) is necessary to perform to minimise casualties and fatalities of Malaysian offshore platforms although Malaysia is at least 600 km away from the active earthquake zone. Thus, three representative platforms, which are Duyong in PMO, Tukau in SKO and Kinabalu in SBO are selected for this research. Malaysian offshore structures design based on PETRONAS Technical Standard (PTS) have been lacking of seismic waves consideration in the structural design. However, recent earthquake tragedies happened far away from Malaysian waters have been felt by Malaysian offshore structures. These incidents created a conflict on the assumption stated by PTS where Malaysia is located at seismically stable zone