The Early to early Middle Pleistocene stenonoid horses from Italy.

At least five stenonoid horses have been recorded in the Early to early Middle Pleistocene Italian faunal assemblages: Equus livenzovensis, Equus stenonis, Equus stehlini, Equus altidens and large sized equids generally referred to as the so-called “Equus ex gr. E. bressanus - E. suessenbornensis”. Equus altidens and Equus suessenbornensis are a rather long surviving species, ranging in age from the latest Villafranchian (Pirro FU) to the late Galerian, and are sometimes found together in the same local faunal assemblage. This study mainly focuses on these two species