Incidence, mortality and relative survival of patients with cancer of the bladder and upper urothelial tract in the Nordic countries between 1990 and 2019

To understand the potential impact of new treatment options for urinary tract cancer, recent population trends in incidence, mortality and survival should be elucidated. This study estimated changes in the incidence, mortality and relative survival of urinary tract cancer in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) between 1990 and 2019. Annual counts of incident cases and deaths due to urinary tract cancer (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes C65–C68, D09.0–D09.1, D30.1–D30.9 and D41.1–D41.9) in Nordic countries were retrieved in 5-year age categories by sex during the study period. Country-specific time trends (annual rate ratios [RRs]) were estimated using Poisson regression, and RRs were compared between sexes. The incidence rate of bladder and upper urothelial tract cancer was >3-times lower in women than men in all countries across all age groups (incidence RR for women to men ranging from 0.219 [95% CI = 0.213–0.224] in Finland to 0.291 [95% CI = 0.286–0.296] in Denmark). Incidence rates were lowest in Finland and highest in Norway and Denmark. Age-adjusted mortality decreased in Finland, Denmark and Norway and in Swedish men, with the greatest decrease seen in Danish men (annual RR = 0.976; 95% CI = 0.975–0.978). In all countries and age groups, women had a lower relative survival rate than men. Between 1990 and 2019, the incidence of urinary tract cancer was stable in the Nordic countries, while mortality rates declined and relative survival increased. This could be due to earlier diagnosis and better treatment.