Climatology of aerosol component concentrations derived from multi-angular polarimetric POLDER-3 observations using GRASP algorithm

The study presents a climatology of aerosol composition concentrations obtained by a recently developed algorithm approach, namely the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP)/Component. It is applied to the whole archive of observations from the POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER-3). The conceptual specifics of the GRASP/Component approach is in the direct retrieval of aerosol speciation (component fraction) without intermediate retrievals of aerosol optical characteristics. Although a global validation of the derived aerosol component product is challenging, the results obtained are in line with general knowledge about aerosol types in different regions. In addition, we compare the GRASP-derived black carbon (BC) and dust components with those of the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) product. Quite a reasonable general agreement was found between the spatial and temporal distribution of the species provided by GRASP and MERRA-2. The differences, however, appeared in regions known for strong biomass burning and dust emissions; the reasons for the discrepancies are discussed. The other derived components, such as concentrations of absorbing (BC, brown carbon (BrC), iron-oxide content in mineral dust) and scattering (ammonium sulfate and nitrate, organic carbon, non-absorbing dust) aerosols, represent scarce but imperative information for validation and potential adjustment of chemical transport models. The aerosol optical properties (e.g., aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström exponent (AE), single-scattering albedo (SSA), fine- and coarse-mode aerosol optical depth (AODF AND AODC)) derived from GRASP/Component were found to agree well with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground reference data, and were fully consistent with the previous GRASP Optimized, High Precision (HP) and Models retrieval versions applied to POLDER-3 data. Thus, the presented extensive climatology product provides an opportunity for understanding variabilities and trends in global and regional distributions of aerosol species. The climatology of the aerosol components obtained in addition to the aerosol optical properties provides additional valuable, qualitatively new insight about aerosol distributions and, therefore, demonstrates advantages of multi-angular polarimetric (MAP) satellite observations as the next frontier for aerosol inversion from advanced satellite observations. The extensive satellite-based aerosol component dataset is expected to be useful for improving global aerosol emissions and component-resolved radiative forcing estimations. The GRASP/Component products are publicly available (https://www.grasp-open.com/products/, last access: 15 March 2022) and the dataset used in the current study is registered under https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6395384 (Li et al., 2022b).