Modeling of entropy production in turbulent flows

This article presents new modeling of turbulence correlations in the entropy transport equation for viscous, incompressible flows. An explicit entropy equation of state is developed for gases with the ideal gas law, while entropy transport equations are derived for both gases and liquids. The formulation specifically considers incompressible forced convection problems without a buoyancy term in the y-momentum equation, as density variations are neglected. Reynolds averaging techniques are applied to the turbulence closure of fluctuating temperature and entropy fields. The problem of rigorously expressing the mean entropy production in terms of other mean flow quantities is addressed. The validity of the newly developed formulation is assessed using direct numerical simulation data and empirical relations for the friction factor. Also, the dissipation (ε) of turbulent kinetic energy is formulated in terms of the Second Law. In contrast to the conventional ε equation modeling, this article proposes an alternative method by utilizing both transport and positive definite forms of the entropy production equation