Expanded ring-based forwarder selection to improve packet delivery in ultra-dense nanonetworks

International audience<div style=""&gt<font face="arial, helvetica"&gt<span style="font-size: 13px;"&gtElectromagnetic nanocommunication is a novel&nbsp;</span&gt</font&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtparadigm of communication among nanometer-sized devices in&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtthe terahertz band, which enables groundbreaking applications.&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtIn these multi-hop ultra-dense networks, the massively dense&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtcommunications among nanodevices remain a challenge and most&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gttraditional routing protocols are inefficient. To reduce the number&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtof forwarders and to scale up the routing protocols, we proposed&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtin a previous work a scheme which selects a small set of efficient&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtforwarders in a ring near the communication range at each hop.&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtHowever, contrary to expectations, it appears in long multi-hops&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtpath, that the number of forwarders progressively increases with&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtthe distance from the source. In the current work, we improve&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtthis scheme by choosing the ring’s shape carefully from a multihop</span&gt</div&gt<div style=""&gt<font face="arial, helvetica"&gt<span style="font-size: 13px;"&gtperspective. We combine it with two routing protocols and&nbsp;</span&gt</font&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtimplement them in a dense nanonetwork simulator. Extensive&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtsimulations of our scheme show that, compared to the initial&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtapproach, it notably reduces the number of forwarders while&nbsp;</span&gt<span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial, helvetica;"&gtproviding a guaranteed delivery to the intended destinations.</span&gt