Ecology of Finishing Processes

Poseben problem odpadkov v tekstilni industriji predstavljajo odpadne tehnološke vode, predvsem tiste, ki nastajajo pri plemenitenju tekstilij. Te odpadne vode so močno obremenjene, vsebujejo različne kemikalije in tekstilna pomožna sredstva, imajo ekstremne pH-vrednosti in visoke KPK in BPK vrednosti, različne tipe organskih barvil, kar povzroča obarvanost, vsebujejo fosfate, sulfate in ostale soli, tenzide, maščobe in olja ter različne tipe težkih kovin. Tekstilne odpadne vode so zelo heterogene po sestavi, zato je čiščenje takšnih voda kompleksna naloga, za katero ni idealne in v naprej izdelane metode. Glede na proizvodni proces je potrebno izbrati fleksibilno in ekonomsko upravičeno tehnologijo čiščenja. Pri izbiri tehnologije čiščenja odpadnih voda moramo upoštevati njihovo količino in kakovost, ki jo ovrednotimo s specifičnimi in sumarnimi ekološkimi parametri.A special problem of waste in the textile industry represents technological wastewaters, especially those generated during textile finishing. These wastewaters are heavily contaminated, contain various chemicals and textile auxiliaries, have extreme pH values and high COD and BOD values, contain various types of organic dyes that cause coloration, phosphates, sulphates and other salts, surfactants, fats and oils and different types of heavy metals. Textile wastewaters are very heterogeneous in compositiontherefore, their treatment is very complex, and there are still no ideal and pre-designed method. Depending on the production process, it is necessary to choose a flexible and economically justified treatment technology. Herein, we must take into account wastewater\u27 quantity and quality, which is evaluated by means of basic and specific ecological parameters