Correlating equations for laminar free convection from misaligned horizontal cylinders in interacting flow fields

Steady laminar free convection in air from a pair of misaligned, parallel horizontal cylinders, i.e., a pair of parallel cylinders with their axes set in a plane inclined with respect to the gravity vector, is studied numerically. A specifically developed computer code based on the SIMPLE-C algorithm is used for the solution of the dimensionless mass, momentum, and energy transfer governing equations. Results are presented for different values of the center-to-center cylinder spacing from 1.4 up to 10 diameters, the tilting angle of the two-cylinder array from 0 deg to 90 deg, and the Rayleigh number based on the cylinder diameter in the range between 10^3 and 10^7. It is found that the heat transfer rates at both cylinder surfaces may in principle be traced back to the combined contributions of the so-called plume effect and chimney effect, which are the mutual interactions occurring in the vertical and horizontal alignments, respectively. In addition, at any misalignment angle, an optimum spacing between the cylinders for the maximum heat transfer rate, which decreases with increasing the Rayleigh number, does exist. Heat transfer dimensionless correlating equations are proposed for any individual cylinder and for the pair of cylinders as a whole