Magmatic Process Associated with the Baogutu Reduced Cu Porphyry-Type Deposit (West Junggar, Northwest China): Evidence from Multiple Enclaves

Enclaves constitute a key tracer guide to assess the magmatic source and evolutionary processes of Cu–Mo–Au porphyry-type deposits. In this study, four types of enclaves were identified in the Baogutu reduced Cu porphyry-type deposit, West Junggar, Northwest China: gabbroic enclaves (Type 1) and schist enclaves (Type 2) are proposed to be restites and immiscible enclaves, respectively, which confirm the contributions of mantle components and sediments in the reduced Cu porphyry-type deposit. Fine-grained dioritic enclaves (Type 3) have a similar mineral composition and texture to the dioritic host rocks, which are probably autoliths derived from inhomogeneous fractional crystallization. Tuffaceous siltstone enclaves (Type 4) with a zircon U-Pb age of 339.2 ± 7.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.55), the formation age of which is in agreement with the host early Carboniferous rock unit, indicate that these tuffaceous siltstone enclaves might have formed in a contamination process. Moreover, the schist enclaves, together with the newly discovered 2691.3 ± 12.3 Ma inherited zircon in tuffaceous siltstone enclaves, further indicate that the Baogutu arc could be a continental arc