Assessment of the Effect of Organic Matter on Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Using the Zhijin Early Cambrian Phosphorite as an Example

The geochemistry of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in phosphorite has been widely studied. However, the effect of organic matter on REY enrichment has not been well determined. We utilized paired inorganic (δ13Ccarb) and organic (δ13Ccarb) carbon isotopes, total organic carbon (TOC), and REY content (∑REY) of the Zhijin Motianchong (MTC) phosphorite and compared them with those of Meishucun (MSC) phosphorite to reveal the effect of organic matter on REY. The δ13Ccarb of the MTC area (≈0‰) is heavier than that of the MSC area (−5.23‰ to −1.13‰), whereas δ13Corg is lighter (−33.85‰ to −26.34‰) in MTC than in MSC (−32.95‰ to −25.50‰). Decoupled δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg in MTC indicate the contribution of chemoautotrophic organisms or methanotrophic bacteria. Compared to the MSC phosphorite, the MTC phosphorite has higher ∑REY and TOC, and these parameters have a positive relationship. MTC phosphorite has REY patterns resembling those of contemporary organic matter. Furthermore, dolomite cement has a higher ∑REY than dolomite in the phosphorus-bearing dolostone. Additionally, pyrites are located on the surface of fluorapatite in the Zhijin phosphorites. It is reasonable to suggest that the REY was released into the pore water owing to the anaerobic oxidation of organic matter at the interface between seawater and sediment, resulting in the REY enrichment of Zhijin phosphorites