UJI KETAHANAN VARIAN CABAI RAWIT KULTIVAR PRIMA AGRIHORTI HASIL IRADIASI GAMMA TERHADAP PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA

Cabai rawit (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan buah yang digemari masyarakat. Harga cabai rawit terus melonjak, lonjakan harga disebabkan oleh pasokan yang berkurang, sementara konsumsi konstan dan kontinu setiap hari. Penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh kapang Colletotrichum spp. menjadi salah satu penyebab pasokan cabai rawit berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) menguji viabilitas dan vigor benih cabai rawit cv. Prima Agrihorti; 2) mendapatkan dosis letal (LD50) benih cabai rawit hasil iradiasi gamma yang dapat menimbulkan keragaman tanaman; 3) mengidentifikasi keragaman tanaman cabai rawit hasil iradiasi gamma; 4) mengetahui tingkat ketahanan tanaman cabai rawit hasil iradiasi gamma terhadap penyakit antraknosa. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Biologi FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Penelitian eksperimental dengan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu dosis radiasi sinar gamma 0, 8, 16, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, dan 120 Gy. Hasil uji viabilitas benih menggunakan kertas merang diketahui bahwa benih cabai rawit cv. Prima Agrihorti memiliki viabilitas (PTM dan DB) sebesar 66% dan vigor (IV dan Kst) sebesar 20 dan 18%. Viabilitas benih setelah diiradiasi dengan dosis 8, 16, 60, 80, dan 100 Gy meningkatkan persentase perkecambahan dari benih yang tidak diiradiasi (kontrol), sedangkan dosis 20, 40, dan 120 Gy mengalami penurunan persentase perkecambahan dari benih kontrol. Dosis letal 50% (LD50) varian benih cabai rawit hasil iradiasi gamma berada pada dosis 227 Gy. Dosis iradiasi gamma 16 Gy dan 20 Gy optimal untuk pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit dilihat dari tinggi tanaman dan ukuran daun, namun hasil pengujian ketahanan varian cabai rawit hasil iradiasi gamma secara umum menunjukkan bahwa varian yang dihasilkan rentan terhadap penyakit antraknosa, tetapi keparahan penyakit setiap dosis berbeda-beda, keparahan penyakit (KeP) terendah pada dosis 16 Gy. Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is a fruit favored by the public. The price of chili continues to increase, the price increase is caused by a reduced supply, while consumption is constant and continuous everyday. Anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp. is one of the causes of reduced chili supply. The aim of this study are 1) testing the viability and vigor of Prima Agrihorti's chilli seeds; 2) to get a lethal dose (LD50) of gamma irradiation chilli seeds which can cause plant diversity; 3) identify the diversity of gamma irradiation chilli plants; 4) to determine the level of resistance gamma irradiation chilli plants to anthracnose disease. The research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biology FMIPA, State University of Jakarta. Experimental research with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, namely gamma ray radiation doses 0, 8, 16, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 Gy.The results of the seed viability test using straw paper showed that the seeds of Prima Agrihorti’s chilli has viability (PTM and DB) of 66% and vigor (IV and Kst) of 20 and 18%. The viability of seeds after being irradiated with doses of 8, 16, 60, 80, and 100 Gy increased the germination percentage of unirradiated seeds (control), while doses of 20, 40, and 120 Gy decreased the germination percentage of control seeds. Lethal dose of 50% (LD50) of chilli seed variants was at a dose of 227 Gy. The optimal dose of 16 Gy and 20 Gy gamma irradiation for Prima Agrihorti’s chilli plant growth is seen from plant height and leaf size, however the results of testing the resistance of chilli variants from gamma irradiation generally showed that gamma irradiation chilli were susceptible to anthracnose disease, but the severity of the disease is different for each dose, disease severity (KeP) was lowest at a dose of 16 Gy