This PhD work aimed at the study of different systems of thermoelectric ma-terials for very high temperature applications. First, chalcogenide compounds of pseudo-hollandite and hollandite-like structure forming one-dimensional channels were studied with the discovery of a new compound of formula Rb0.2Ba0.4Cr5Se8. The mixed occupancy of rubidium and barium within the channels has improved the transport properties of this compound. The exploration of this system also revealed the existence of a CsxCr5Te8 solid solution (x = 0.73; 0.91; 0.97), these three com-pounds all crystallising in the "hollandite-like" structural type B. In a second step, niobium chalcogenides of the general formula Nb3X4 (X = Se, Te) were studied. The synthesis and cha...