NEUROREHABILITATION IN PATIENTS AFTER STROKE

Moždani udar je naglo nastala cerebrovaskularna bolest uzorkovana vaskularnim poremećajima koja uzrokuje veliki neurološki deficit. Prema mehanizmu nastanka oštećenja mozga, razlikuju se dvije glavne vrste moždanog udara: ishemijski, koji čini 85% svih akutnih moždanih udara te hemoragijski, koji čini 15% akutnih moždanih udara. Najčešći faktori rizika za nastanak cerebrovaskularne bolesti su: starija životna dob, hipertenzije, dijabetesi, srčane bolesti te bolesti karotidnih arterija. Simptomi ovise o veličini oštećenog područja mozga koje je zahvaćeno nakon moždanog udara te o vremenskom razdoblju proteklom od pojave prvih simptoma do postavljanja dijagnoze. Pravodobno prepoznavanje i uklanjanje samih faktora rizika, prepoznavanje simptoma, postavljanje kliničke slike te dijagnoze liječenje može učiniti uspješnijim. U neurorehabilitaciji pacijenata nakon moždanog udara, terapeuti najčešće koriste metode kao što su Bobath kocept, PNF te Brunnstrom koje se zasnivaju na principima neuroplastičnosti. Također, veliku važnost ima individualan pristup pacijentu te sama edukacija pacijenta. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati važnost neurorehabilitacije kao najbolji oblik rehabilitacije u oporavku pacijenta nakon moždanog udara.A stroke presents sudden cerebrovascular disease caused by vascular disorders, that results in a significant neurological deficit. According to the mechanism of brain damage, two main types of stroke can be distinguished: ischemic, which accounts for 85% of all acute strokes, and hemorrhagic, which accounts for 15% of acute strokes. The most common risk factors for the development of cerebrovascular disease are older age, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and carotid artery disease; the symptoms depend on the size of the damage of the affected area and the time elapsed from the appearance of the first symptoms to the diagnosis. Timely recognition and removal of the risk factors, recognition of symptoms, and establishment of a clinical picture and diagnosis can make the treatment more successful. In the neurorehabilitation of patients after a stroke, therapists most often use methods such as Bobath concept, PNF and Brunnstrom which are based on the principles of neuroplasticity. Also, the individual approach to the patient and the education of the patient are of great importance. This paper aims to show the importance of neurorehabilitation as the best form of rehabilitation for a patient's recovery after a stroke