Potential of Commercial Apple Varieties Harvested in 2021 for Apple Juice with the Reduced Patulin Content

Jabuka je namirnica bogata dijetalnim vlaknima, fitokemikalijama, vitaminima, bioaktivnim spojevima i polifenolima. Ima utjecaj na smanjenje kroničnih bolesti, očuvanje zdravlja ploda i smanjenje nepoželjnih patogena zbog svojeg antioksidativnog djelovanja, prilikom snižavanja oksidativnog stresa. Cilj diplomskog rada je usporediti sorte 'Idared', 'Jonagold' i 'Golden Delicious' ubranih u sezoni 2021. godine s produkcijom mikotoksina patulin kojeg proizvodi plijesan Penicillium expansum, najčešći patogen u jabukama nakon berbe. Eksperimentalnim istraživanjem određen je udio ukupnih i pojedinačnih polifenola, prirodnih i ukupnih šećera, pH, udio flavonoida, topljiva suha tvar, udio ukupnih kiselina, antioksidacijska aktivnost te udio patulina u soku jabuke. Najviše polifenola određeno je u kaši, odnosno soku sorte 'Jonagold', a prema činjenici da je antioksidacijska aktivnost usko povezana sa sadržajem polifenola, komercijalna sorta 'Jonagold' pokazat će najveću otpornost na mikotoksin patulin. Patulin je identificiran u sorti 'Idared', dok u sortama 'Jonagold' i 'Golden Delicious' nema identificiranog patulina. Dobiveni rezultati doprinose boljem uvidu u otpornost komercijalnih sorti jabuka na zarazu s plijesni P. expansum.Apple is a food rich in dietary fiber, phytochemicals, vitamins, bioactive compounds, and polyphenols. It has the effect of reducing chronic diseases, preserving the health of the fruit and reducing unwanted pathogens due to its antioxidant action, while reducing oxidative stress. The aim of the thesis was to compare the varieties 'Idared', 'Jonagold' and 'Golden Delicious' harvested in the season of 2021 with the production of the mycotoxin patulin produced by the mold Penicillium expansum, the most common pathogen in apples after harvest. Experimental research determined the content of total and individual polyphenols, natural and total sugars, pH, content of flavonoids, soluble dry matter, content of total acids antioxidant activity and the content of patulin in apple juice. The most polyphenols were determined in the juice of the 'Jonagold' variety, and according to the fact that the antioxidant activity is closely related to the polyphenol content, the commercial variety 'Jonagold' will show the greatest resistance to the mycotoxin patulin. Patulin was identified in the variety 'Idared', while no patulin was identified in the varieties 'Jonagold' and 'Golden Delicious'. The obtained results contribute to a better insight into the resistance of commercial apple varieties to P. expansum mold infection