Artistic Expression of Preschool Children

Dijete predškolske dobi za vrijeme svojega rasta i razvoja prolaziti kroz određene faze likovnoga razvoja, počevši od šaranja, a završivši s fazom oblika i pojava. Uz to, djeca mogu pripadati i različitim likovnim tipovima s obzirom na njihove likovne sposobnosti, a njih dijelimo na likovne tipove djece uvjetovane: likovnim sposobnostima, uporabom likovno-izražajnih sredstava i osobnim kompetencijama djeteta. Najčešće se kod djeteta javlja kombinacija različitih likovnih tipova zbog čega je važno upoznati sve osobitosti svakoga pojedinoga likovnoga tipa. Sukladno tomu, važno je znati razdoblja kroz koja je prolazila metodika likovne kulture te dječji likovni razvoj kako bismo mogli razumjeti likovne tipove djece i ne ograničavati se na to da je isključivo jedan točan način likovnoga izražavanja u djece određene dobi. Također, i tehnike kojima se odgojitelji mogu služiti u radu s djecom predškolske dobi, bez obzira radi li se o crtačkim, slikarskim i grafičkim tehnikama ili tehnikama prostorno – plastičnoga oblikovanja, važne su jer omogućuju široki spektar mogućnosti za dječje stvaralaštvo. Hoće li određeni postupci djelovati na dječje stvaralaštvo pozitivno ili negativno, ovisi o tome hoće li dječje likovno stvaralaštvo biti poticano ili ometano, ali i o tome hoće li dijete imati volje za likovnost. Povezano sa svime prethodno navedenim, svrha je ovoga rada predočiti na koji se način likovno izražavaju djeca predškolske dobi, koje su sve mogućnosti u radu s njima, a isto tako ukazati na što posebno treba obratiti pozornost.A preschool-aged child goes through certain stages during his or her artistic development, during his or her growth and development, beginning with the patterning phase and ending with the phase of forms and phenomena. Children can also belong to different types of art considering their artistic abilities, and we divide them into the artistic types of children conditioned by their artistic abilities, the artistic types of children conditioned by the use of artistic expressive means, and the artistic types of children conditioned by the personal competences of the child. However, it is most often that the combined types of children occur, rather than the pure art types, so it is important to get to know them all. It is important, therefore, to know the stages through which the methodology of visual culture and children's visual development went through so that they can understand the artistic types of children and not limit themselves to only one correct way of expressing children at a certain age. However, the techniques that educators can use to work with preschool children, whether they are drawing, painting, graphic or space - plastic design techniques, are important because they provide a wide range of opportunities for children's creativity. Whether or not certain actions affect children's creativity positively or negatively depends on whether children's artistic creation is encouraged or impeded and whether the child has the will to be artistic. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present how the children of preschool age artistically express themselves and what are the possibilities in working with them and what to look out for