Periodontology in the primary practice of dental medicine

Parodontologija je znanost koja se bavi parodontom, odnosno potpornim aparatom zuba. Gingivitis označava upalu gingive gdje je upalni infiltrat ograničen samo na gingivu bez gubitka vezivnog pričvrska, a karakterizira ga najčešće bolna otečenost, crvenilo i krvarenje gingive. U podlozi gingivitisa je plak, a njegovom nastanku mogu pogodovati hormonalne promjene kao što su trudnoća i adolescencija. Gingivitis je reverzibilne prirode te se može spriječiti adekvatnom oralnom higijenom, ali može progredirati u parodontitis kojeg karakterizira gubitak vezivnog pričvrska i posljedični gubitak zuba. Liječenje gingivitisa i parodontitisa temelji se na mehaničkom uklanjanju supragingivnih i subgingivnih bakterijskih naslaga uz pomoć dodatne antimikrobne terapije. Primarni doktor dentalne medicine u svojoj se praksi svakodnevno susreće s parodontološkim pacijentima, stoga ih je potrebno znati prepoznati i liječiti. Hitna stanja kao što su parodontni apsces, akutni ulcerozni nekrotični gingivitis i endo - paro lezije izrazito su neugodni za pacijenta pa zahtijevaju brzu intervenciju. S obzirom na sve veći broj pacijenata s implantatima, učestalost periimplantatnih bolesti također je u porastu. U radu su opisani dijagnostički i terapijski postupci s kojima se opći stomatolog susreće u svakodnevnom radu te kada pacijenta treba uputiti specijalistu.Periodontology is a science that deals with the periodontium or the tooth – supporting apparatus. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingiva where the inflammatory infiltrate is limited to the gingiva with no loss of attachment, and is most commonly characterized by painful swelling, redness, and gingival bleeding. Gingivitis is plaque induced, and its development can be facilitated by hormonal changes such as pregnancy and adolescence. Gingivitis is reversible and can be prevented by adequate oral hygiene, but can progress to periodontitis characterized by loss of attachment and consequently tooth loss. Treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis is based on a mechanical removal of supragingival and subgingival bacterial deposits with the help of additional antimicrobial therapy. In their practice, genral dentists meet periodontal patients on a daily basis, so it is necessary to know how to recognize and treat them. Emergencies such as periodontal abscess, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and endo - perio lesions are extremely uncomfortable for the patient and require prompt intervention. Given the growing number of patients with implants, the rate of periimplant diseases is also on the rise. The thesis describes the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that general dentists encounter daily and when to refer a patient to a specialist