The experience of childhood abuse trauma and protective factors of positive outcomes

Iskustvo zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja u djetinjstvu sa sobom nosi rizik od niza negativnih posljedica na različitim aspektima života osobe koje mogu biti kratkotrajne, dugotrajne i međugeneracijske. Uz to koliko i da li će se teškoće razviti uz sama obilježja traumatskog događaja zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja važno je i djelovanje zaštitnih čimbenika koji mogu pridonijeti otpornosti osobe unatoč nepovoljnim iskustvima ili poticati proces oporavka od teškoća nastalih iz nepovoljnih iskustva. Ciljevi ovog rada su sadržajna i metodološka analiza pregleda recentnih istraživanja zaštitnih čimbenika povezanih sa pozitivnim ishodima odnosno prevencijom negativnih posljedica kod populacije s iskustvom zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja u djetinjstvu te aplikacija spoznaja na praksu socijalnog rada. Rezultati pregleda istraživanja ukazuju da individualni zaštitni čimbenici (kao što je samoregulacija emocija) , obiteljski čimbenici (kvalitetni, podržavajući odnosi) te čimbenici na razini škole (pozitivna školska atmosfera) i zajednice (podrška, usluge podrške) štite od negativnih posljedica doživljenog zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja, stoga se socijalni radnici kroz metode socijalnog rada s obitelji, savjetovanja psihosocijalnog tretmana, te rada sa školom i zajednicom trebaju raditi na razvoju i jačanju konkretnih zaštitnih čimbenika kako bi pridonijeli otpornosti i oporavku kod populacije s iskustvom zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja u djetinjstvu.The experience of abuse and neglect in childhood carries with it the risk of a series of negative consequences on different aspects of a person's life, which can be short-term, long-term and intergenerational. In addition to how much and whether difficulties will develop with the very features of the traumatic event of abuse and neglect, the action of protective factors that can contribute to a person's resilience despite adverse experiences or encourage the process of recovery from difficulties arising from adverse experiences is also important. The goals of this work are the substantive and methodological analysis of the review of recent research into protective factors associated with positive outcomes, i.e. the prevention of negative consequences in the population with experience of abuse and neglect in childhood, and the application of knowledge to the practice of social work. The results of the research review indicate that individual protective factors (such as self-regulation of emotions), family factors (quality, supportive relationships), and factors at the school level (positive school atmosphere) and community (support, support services) protect against the negative consequences of experienced abuse and neglect., therefore social workers through the methods of social work with the family, psychosocial treatment, counseling, and work with the school and the community should work on the development and strengthening of concrete protective factors in order to contribute to the resilience and recovery of the population with the experience of abuse and neglect in childhoo