Nursing care of patient with ulcer disease

Ulkusna bolest pripada bolestima gornjeg dijela gastrointestinalnog sustava. Oštećenja sluznice nastaju zbog neravnoteže između agresivnih i zaštitnih mehanizama. Glavni uzročnici ulkusne bolesti su infekcija Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori), te uzimanje ulcerogenih lijekova: acetilsalicine kiseline (ASK), nesteroidnih antireumatika (NSAR). Međutim, samom oštećenju sluznice pridonosi i lučenje žuči, pušenje te konzumacija alkoholnih pića. Najčešća mjesta nastanka ulkusne bolesti u probavnom sustavu su želudac i proksimalni duodenum; rjeđe se javlja u donjem dijelu jednjaka, distalnom dijelu duodenuma ili jejunuma, ektopično smještenoj želučanoj sluznici ili sluznici hijatalne hernije. U radu će biti prikazana etiopatogeneza ulkusne bolesti, klinička slika, dijagnostički postupci, tijek liječenja te sestrinska skrb za bolesnika oboljelog od ulkusne bolesti. Sestrinska skrb sastavni je dio procesa liječenja, stoga je važno da medicinska sestra u radu s bolesnicima oboljelim od ulkusne bolesti posjeduje specifične vještine i znanje. Zadatci medicinske sestre su praćenje i procjena zdravstvenog stanja bolesnika te suradnja s ostalim članovima multidisciplinarnog tima. Uspjeh liječenja i klinički ishodi bolesnika u mnogočemu ovisi o kvalitetnoj sestrinskoj skrbi. Sestrinska skrb bolesnika oboljelog od ulkusne bolesti uključuje i edukaciju, zdravstveni odgoj bolesnika o prehrani te psihološku podršku bolesniku i obitelji. Kako bi sestrinska skrb i zbrinjavanje bolesnika bilo što efikasnije, od izuzetne je važnosti učinkovita komunikacija, stručnost, empatija. Kvalitetna komunikacija preduvjet je mogućnosti provođenja sigurne i učinkovite zdravstvene njege te doprinosi u stvaranju odnosa suradnje i povjerenja i uspješnom provođenju zdravstvene njege.The Ulcer disease belongs to to the group of diseases of the upper part of the gastrointestinal system. The mucous membrane damage occurs due to an imbalance between the aggressive and the protective mechanisms. The main causes of the Ulcer disease are Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection and the use of ulcerative drugs such as: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs (NSAIDs). However, the secretion of bile, smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages contribute to the damage of the mucous membrane itself. The most common sites of the Ulcer disease in the digestive system are the stomach and proximal duodenum, less often it occurs in the lower part of the esophagus, distal part of the duodenum or jejunum, ectopically located gastric mucosa or hiatal hernia mucosa. The work will present the etiopathogenesis of ulcer disease, clinical picture, diagnostic procedures, the course of treatment and nursing care of a patient with the Ulcer disease. The nursing care is an integral part of the treatment process, therefore it is important that nurses possess the specific skills and knowledge while working with the patients suffering from the Ulcer disease. The tasks of the nurse are monitoring and assessments of the patient ́s health condition and cooperation with the other members of the multidisciplinary team. The success of the treatment as well as the clinical outcomes of the patient largely depend on quality nursing care. The nursing care of the patient with the Ulcer disease includes education, health education of the patient about nutrition and psychological support for the patient and a family. In order to make the nursing ant he patient care as efficient as possible, an effective communication, expertise and empathy are extremely important. The quality communication is a prerequisite for the possibility of providing safe and effective health care and contributes to the creation of a relationship of a cooperation and a trust, as well as the successful implementation of the health care