Dietary pattern assessment and body composition analysis of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetes and endocrine center in Mirjan Teaching Hospital, Babil / 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion; it accounts for 90–95% of all adults. Poor glycemic control is associated with complications of diabetes, and it could be avoided by good diabetic control, where different factors such as age, gender, obesity, exercise, and education have been reported to be associated with poor control in different settings. Objectives: This study showed the relation of some body compositions and intake of certain food items as assessed by a 24-h dietary recall and glycemic control among the study groups. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted on 60 type 2 diabetes patients attending Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases Center in Mirjan Teaching Hospital in Babil, sociodemographic characteristics being studied, glycemic control of patients was studied according to their HbA1c. Glycemic control was studied among patients concerning some anthropometric measures; all these were measured with the aid of an InBody device, which was used in this study. Diet was investigated among the study group by using the 24-h dietary recall method to investigate the relationship between certain food being eaten and glycemic control. Glycemic control was studied among patients in relation to the glycemic index (GI) of foods eaten. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics showed that type 2 diabetes was higher among people in age group between 40 and 60 years with mean age 54.75 ± 10.2 years, male gender, urban residents, married people, housewives, and people with secondary and higher education. Regarding glycemic control rate, 75% patients had poor control and 25% had good control. Poor glycemic control was statistically significant with waist circumference (P = .010 for males and P = .003 for females), waist-to-hip ratio (P = .031 for males and P = .008 for females), and percentage of body fat (P = .002 for males only). There was a statistically significant association between starch and refined grain intake (P = .000) and added sugar and other sweetened beverages (P = .003), and glycemic control but no statistical association with vegetables, fruits, and milk and its products. Glycemic control was highly statistically significant with the intake of foods with a high GI (P = .000)