Association of lipoprotein (a) with coronary artery disease in a South Asian population: A case-control study.

IntroductionCoronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of mortality worldwide, is characterised by an earlier onset and more severe disease in South Asians as compared to Western populations.MethodsThis is an observational study on 928 individuals who attended three tertiary care centres in Kerala, India from 2014-to 2017. The demographic, anthropometric, behavioural factors and the lipoprotein (Lp(a)) and cholesterol values were compared between the two groups and across disease severity. The Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables and independent sample t-test for the continuous variables. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate the association of demographic, clinical and behavioural factors with the disease. Odds ratios are presented with a 95% confidence interval. In individuals below 50 years, two logistic regression models were compared to investigate the improvement in modelling the association of the independent factors and Lp(a) with the occurrence of the disease.ResultsWe included 682 patients in the diseased group and 246 patients treated for non-coronary conditions in the control group. Those in the control group were significantly younger than in the diseased group(pConclusionAge, diabetes, hypertension and tobacco use appear to be associated more with the occurrence of coronary artery disease in adults of all ages. Lipoprotein(a), cholesterol and BMI categories do not seem to be related to disease status in all ages. However, in individuals below 50 years, diabetes, tobacco use and lipoprotein (a) are significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease