Physical/sport activity of 2nd triad students during distance learning at the time of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (COVID-19)

Strokovnjaki so začeli opažati globalni upad telesne aktivnosti, ki se je s pojavom svetovne epidemije SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) samo še povečal. Podatki so zaskrbljujoči, saj je gibalna/športna aktivnost ključnega pomena za skladni razvoj človeka. Pozitiven vpliv ima tako na zdravje (psihično in fizično) kot na splošno kakovost življenja (vpliv na delovno učinkovitost, sprostitev, socializacijo, oblikovanje pozitivne samopodobe itd.). V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela smo se zato osredotočili na pomen gibalne/športne aktivnosti za otroke in mladostnike ter izpostavili negative vplive nezadostne telesne dejavnosti. Predstavili smo tudi smernice za gibalno/športno aktivnost v času poostrenih ukrepov zaradi SARS-CoV-2. Analizirali smo gibalno/športno aktivnost v času poostrenih ukrepov po svetu in v Sloveniji. Opisali smo priporočila za izvajanje predmeta šport na daljavo in izpostavili stanje v Sloveniji. Cilj empiričnega dela magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti stanje gibalne/športne aktivnosti učencev drugega triletja med šolanjem na daljavo v času svetovne epidemije virusa SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Podatke smo pridobili s spletnim vprašalnikom. V vzorec merjencev je bilo vključenih 678 učencev in učenk iz 30 slovenskih osnovnih šol, ki so v šolskem letu 2020/21 obiskovali 4., 5. in 6. razred. Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (WHO, 2020b) priporoča za otroke in mladostnike, stare od 5 do 17 let, dnevno vsaj 60 minut zmerne do intenzivne gibalne/športne aktivnosti. Ugotovili smo, da je manj kot polovica anketirancev (45,4 %) dosegala omenjena priporočila. Med deklicami in dečki so se pojavljale statistično pomembne razlike v gibalni/športni aktivnosti, saj so bili dečki bolj pogosto gibalno/športno aktivni od deklic. Ni pa bilo statistično pomembnih razlik med anketiranci, ki so obiskovali mestne ali podeželske šole. Najbolj pogosto so učenci in učenke hodili na sprehod, kolesarili in se igrali na dvorišču. Ocenili so, da je gibalna/športna aktivnost bila med njihovimi tremi najbolj priljubljenimi aktivnostmi v prostem času v obdobju šolanja na daljavo. Izkazalo se je, da je bila večina anketirancev bolj motiviranih za gibalno/športno aktivnost v času, ko so se šolali v šoli. Med razlogi so navedli kakovost vadbe in vsebin, prisotnost učitelja ali učiteljice oz. osebni stik z njim/njo ter izpostavili pomembnost sošolcev pri motivaciji za delo. Poleg tega je bilo samo 19,8 % anketirancev med učnimi urami športa na daljavo zelo gibalno/športno aktivnih. Večina staršev (88,4 %) je spodbujala otroke h gibalni/športni aktivnosti. Kar 55,8 % učencev je ocenilo, da so učitelji in učiteljice včasih ali redko spodbujali gibalno/športno aktivnost tudi pri drugih predmetih. Opravljena raziskava je pokazala, da tudi pri slovenskem vzorcu večina anketirancev v času šolanja na daljavo ni dosegala priporočil Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije za gibalno/športno aktivnost.Experts have started to notice a global decline of physical activity, which only increased with the emergence of the global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (COVID-19). The data is concerning, since physical/sport activity is crucial for the harmonious development of human beings. It has a positive impact on health (psychical and physical), as well as on general quality of life (impact on work performance, relaxation, socialisation, development of a positive self-image etc.). In the theoretical part of the master’s thesis, we therefore focused on the importance of physical/sport activity for children and adolescents and stressed out the negative impacts of insufficient physical activity. We also presented guidelines for physical/sport activity during reinforced measures due to SARS-CoV-2. We analysed physical/sport activity during reinforced measures across the world and in Slovenia. We described the recommendations for remote sport lessons and stressed out the state in Slovenia. The goal of the empirical part of the master’s thesis was to identify the state of physical/sport activity of students in the second triad of during distance learning in times of the virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) global epidemic. We obtained the data with an online questionnaire. The sample of subjects included 678 male and female students from 30 Slovenian primary schools, who attended the 4th, 5th and 6th grade in the school year 2020/21. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2020b) recommends for children and adolescents, aged 5 to 17 years, at least 60 minutes of intensive physical/sport activity daily. We found that less than half of the questioned (45.4%) met those recommendations. There were statistically significant differences in physical/sport activity between girls and boys, since boys were more often physically active than girls. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the questioned, who visited urban or rural schools. Students were most frequently going for walks, went cycling or were playing at the backyard. They assessed that physical/sport activity was among their three most popular spare time activities during the period of distance learning. It turned out that the majority of the questioned were more motivated for physical/sport activity in times, when they were going to school. Among the reasons, they stated the quality of exercises and content, presence of the teacher or personal contact with him/her and stressed out the importance of peers for work motivation. In addition, only 19.8% of the questioned were very physically active during sport lessons at a distance. The majority of parents (88.4%) encouraged their children for physical/sport activity. As many as 55.8% of students assessed that teachers have sometimes or rarely encouraged physical/sport activity also in other lessons. The conducted research showed that in the Slovenian sample the majority of the questioned have also not met the recommendations of the World Health Organization for physical/sport activity during distance learning