FENOLOGIA E morfolOGIA de DIATENOPTERYX SORBIFOLIA RADLK.

This study aimed to elucidate the time of occurrence of flowers and fruits and the external and internal morphology of the flower, fruit and seed, and seedling and external changes of Diatenopteryx sorbifolia Radlk (Sapindaceae). The collection of botanical material and phenological observations were made on trees headquarters, located in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul state, between March 2007 and March 2010. The study was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of the Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS state. The species flowered from September to October. The annual fruiting occurs from November to January, having anemochorous dispersion. There were irregularities in the production of fruits as the years and there is no synchronization between headquarters during the phenophases. The species has inflorescence thyrsus, pleiotirso, with small white flowers in color, hermaphrodites with ovarian super sincarpico, and bicarpelar uniovular, as well as male unisexual flowers. The fruit of siples, dry, indehiscent, brown color, is the type esquisocarpaceo, consisting of samarideos uticontaining one to two seeds, ovoid, brown color, exalbuminate with axial embryo and fleshy cotyledons. The germination process started from the second day after sowing, germination is epigeal type. After 18 days, the seedling phanerocotyledonal is formed. The changes in conditions to be studied, are formed three months after sowing. The phenological characterization is morphological information that is relevant for the field identification of species, seed collection and analysis, as well as the production of seedlings.O presente estudo procurou elucidar a \ue9poca de ocorr\ueancia de flores e frutos e os aspectos morfol\uf3gicos externos e internos da flor, fruto e semente, e externos da pl\ue2ntula e da muda de Diatenopteryx sorbifolia Radlk (Sapindaceae). A coleta do material bot\ue2nico e as observa\ue7\uf5es fenol\uf3gicas foram realizadas em \ue1rvores matrizes, localizadas em remanescentes, no Munic\uedpio de Frederico Westphalen, RS, entre mar\ue7o de 2007 a mar\ue7o de 2010. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laborat\uf3rio de Sementes do Departamento de Ci\ueancias Florestais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. A esp\ue9cie floresceu de setembro a outubro. A frutifica\ue7\ue3o anual ocorreu de novembro a janeiro, tendo dispers\ue3o anemoc\uf3rica. Houve irregularidade na produ\ue7\ue3o de frutos conforme os anos, n\ue3o havendo sincronismo entre matrizes durante as fenofases. A esp\ue9cie possui infloresc\ueancia do tipo tirso, pleiotirso, com pequenas flores de colora\ue7\ue3o branca, hermafroditas com ov\ue1rio s\ufapero, sinc\ue1rpico, bicarpelar e uniovular, como tamb\ue9m flores unissexuais masculinas. O fruto simples, seco e indeiscente, de colora\ue7\ue3o castanha, \ue9 do tipo esquisocarp\ue1ceo, constitu\ueddo por dois samar\ueddeos contendo de uma a duas sementes, de formato ovoide, colora\ue7\ue3o castanha, exalbuminosas, com embri\ue3o axial e cotil\ue9dones carnosos. O processo germinativo iniciou a partir do 2\ub0 dia ap\uf3s a semeadura, sendo a germina\ue7\ue3o do tipo ep\uedgea. Ap\uf3s 18 dias, a pl\ue2ntula fanerocotiledonar est\ue1 formada. A muda, nas condi\ue7\uf5es de estudo, est\ue1 formada tr\ueas meses ap\uf3s a semeadura. A caracteriza\ue7\ue3o fenol\uf3gica, assim como a morfol\uf3gica, se constitui informa\ue7\ue3o relevante para a identifica\ue7\ue3o da esp\ue9cie a campo, coleta e an\ue1lise de sementes, como tamb\ue9m, a produ\ue7\ue3o de mudas