Repellence of natural and synthetic substances to the consuming wild mammals of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze seeds at field sowing

Este trabalho objetivou testar algumas subst\ue2ncias naturais e sint\ue9ticas, n\ue3o-fitot\uf3xicas e n\ue3o-letais aos animais silvestres consumidores de pinh\uf5es, em dois experimentos com semeadura direta no campo. No experimento I, os tratamentos repelentes foram aplicados diretamente nos pinh\uf5es e, no experimento, II foram aplicados somente na superf\uedcie das covas, logo ap\uf3s a semeadura de pinh\uf5es. Os pinh\uf5es e os tratamentos foram preparados em Laborat\uf3rio do Centro de Ci\ueancias Agroveterin\ue1rias (UDESC), Lages, SC. Os experimentos foram instalados numa \ue1rea de campo nativo-antr\uf3pico, localizada em Lages, SC e adotouse o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados para ambos. O experimento I teve 15 tratamentos, dez pinh\uf5es por tratamento, com quatro repeti\ue7\uf5es, e o experimento II teve 11 tratamentos, dez pinh\uf5es por tratamento, com quatro repeti\ue7\uf5es. As subst\ue2ncias testadas, isoladamente ou em misturas, sob forma de extratos, \uf3leos e solu\ue7\uf5es, foram \ue0 base de fruto de pimenta vermelha, raiz de salsinha, parte a\ue9rea de losna, \uf3leo essencial de eucalipto, \uf3leo de linha\ue7a, \uf3leo de mamona, breu, oxicloreto de cobre, sulfato de cobre, enxofre, tinta l\ue1tex pva e lignosulfonato de c\ue1lcio. Por meio de vistorias peri\uf3dicas ao longo de 167 e 165 dias respectivamente para os experimentos I e II, os dados foram coletados e organizados quanto ao n\ufamero de pinh\uf5es predados e n\ue3o-predados, sendo posteriormente submetidos \ue0 analise estat\uedstica. Os \uedndices de preda\ue7\ue3o foram elevados para ambos os experimentos: 86,7% no experimento I e 84,3% no experimento II. No experimento com pinh\uf5es tratados, o per\uedodo de tempo mais longo verificado para o in\uedcio da preda\ue7\ue3o foi de 104 dias ap\uf3s a semeadura e no experimento com tratamento no ambiente (covas), foi de 64 dias. Solu\ue7\ue3o de breu e \ue1lcool + \uf3leo de eucalipto, aplicados nos pinh\uf5es, apresentou potencial para redu\ue7\ue3o do n\uedvel de preda\ue7\ue3o. Os tratamentos com \uf3leo de linha\ue7a apresentaram comportamentos vari\ue1veis, igualmente aos tratamentos com tinta l\ue1tex, no experimento com pinh\uf5es tratados. No experimento com tratamentos nas covas, o lignosulfonato de c\ue1lcio combinado individualmente com extratos de pimenta, raiz de salsinha e losna, apresentou efeito significativo de redu\ue7\ue3o da preda\ue7\ue3o. A solu\ue7\ue3o de linha\ue7a, com extratos de pimenta vermelha e com o extrato de raiz de salsinha, tamb\ue9m teve efeito significativo para redu\ue7\ue3o da preda\ue7\ue3o de pinh\uf5es, no experimento com tratamento nas covas.This work aimed at testing some natural and synthetic substances, not phytotoxics and not lethal for the fauna, to verify the repellence action for the consuming wild animals of Parana-Pine seeds, in two direct sowing experiments in the field. In experiment I, there was the direct application of the treatments in the Parana-Pine seeds and, in the experiment II, there was the application of the treatments only in the surface of the plantation hollows, after the sowing of Parana-Pine seeds. The Parana-Pine seeds and the treatments were prepared at Laboratory of Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, University of Santa Catarina State, at Lages city, Brazil. The experiments were carried to a native-antropic field area at Lages city. It was adopted the experimental design of randomized blocks for both experiments. Experiment I was composed of 15 treatments, 10 seeds per treatment, with 4 replications, and experiment II was composed of 11 treatments, 10 seeds per treatment, with 4 replications. The tested substances, isolated or in mixtures, were: fruit of red pepper, root of parsley, stem and leaf of wormwood herb, lemon scented gum essential oil, linseed oil, castor bean oil, rosin, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, sulphur, l\ue1tex ink and calcium lignosulfonate. Through the periodic inspections, during 167 and 165 days respectively for the experiments I and II, data were collected and organized through the attacked and not attacked Paran\ue1-Pine seeds, being submitted to statistical analysis later. The predation rates were considered high for both experiments: 86,7% in experiment I and 84,3% in experiment II. In the experiment with treated Parana-Pine seeds, the longer time for the beginning of the predation was 104 days after the sowing, while, in the experiment with treatment in the environment (hollows), it was 64 days after the sowing. Solution of rosin and alcohol + lemon scented gum oil, applied in the seeds, presented potential for reduction of the predation level. The treatments with linseed oil presented changeable behaviors, equally to the treatments with latex ink, in the experiment with treated Parana-Pine seeds. In the experiment with treated hollows, the lignosulfonate of calcium in mixture with extracts of pepper, with root of parsley and with wormwood herb presented significant effect of reduction on the predation. The solution of linseed with red pepper extracts and with root of parsley extract also had significant effect for reduction of the predation of these seeds, in the experiment with treated hollows