Caracterizaci\uf3n Fenot Pica de Segregantes Identificados con Marcadores de Microsat\ue9lites, con \uc9nfasis en Apirenia y Respuesta a Acido Giber\ue9lico en Crecimiento de Bayas de Uva

In this article the characterization of a number of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) crossings is reported on the development of seedlessness, berry size, and response to giberelic acid (GA3) treatment on berry growth. To do so, segregants of known identity have been used and their affiliation has been verified based on a group of five microsatellite markers selected because of their high heterozygocity evaluated on the progenitors. These markers detected between 18 and 21% of plants coming from mother self-pollination events, as well as 3% of genotypes non-related to either progenitor. The crosses studied were Ruby Seedless x Sultanina, Ruby Seedless x Perlette and their corresponding reciprocals (76 and 56 seedlings in production, respectively), as well as Black Seedless x Flame Seedless (23 seedlings in production). Forty percent of seeded descendants were identified among the different crosses, a value similar to that reported in other breeding programs that have used seedless progenitors. For all of the constitutively expressed traits evaluated (seed weight and rudiment total weight and berry size) continuous segregation and positive transgression with respect to the progenitors were detected, particularly in seed size. The size of seeds or rudiments and berries exhibited an appropriate reproducibility between seasons, contrasting with the response to GA3 which was unstable during the three evaluation seasons. In spite of that, seedlings were found that regularly had a very interesting combination, which is having negligible presence of seed rudiments and large berry size (15 to 19 mm).En este art\uedculo se reporta la caracterizaci\uf3n de algunos cruzamientos de uva de mesa (Vitis vinifera L.) para los caracteres desarrollo de semilla, tama\uf1o de bayas y respuesta al tratamiento con \ue1cido giber\ue9lico (GA3) para crecimiento de baya. Para ello, se han usado segregantes de identidad conocida por cuanto se ha verificado su filiaci\uf3n en base a un conjunto de cinco marcadores de microsat\ue9lites heterocigotos en los progenitores, con los que se detect\uf3 entre 18 y 21% de autofertilizaci\uf3n del cultivar madre, adem\ue1s de cerca de 3% de plantas que no coinciden gen\ue9ticamente con ninguno de los progenitores. Los cruzamientos estudiados fueron Ruby Seedless x Sultanina, Ruby Seedless x Perlette y sus respectivos rec\uedprocos (76 y 56 segregantes en producci\uf3n, respectivamente), adem\ue1s de Black Seedless x Flame Seedless (23 segregantes en producci\uf3n). Se detect\uf3 un 40% de segregantes semillados, lo que coincide entre los diferentes cruzamientos y con lo reportado para otros cruzamientos que han usado progenitores apirenos. En todos los caracteres de expresi\uf3n constitutiva (peso total de semillas y rudimentos seminales, y tama\uf1o de bayas) se detect\uf3 segregaci\uf3n continua y transgresi\uf3n positiva respecto de los progenitores, particularmente en el tama\uf1o de las semillas. El tama\uf1o de semillas o rudimentos y de bayas tuvo una adecuada reproducibilidad entre diferentes temporadas, lo que contrast\uf3 con la respuesta a GA3, que mostr\uf3 inestabilidad en el curso de las tres temporadas de evaluaci\uf3n. A pesar de ello, se encontraron segregantes que mostraron establemente una combinaci\uf3n muy interesante, la cual es presentar escasos rudimentos seminales y bayas de calibre grande (15-19 mm)