Histopathological Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma in Jos: A 16-year Review

Background/objective: To study the pathology of Kaposi's sarcoma and review relevant literature on this condition. Method: A retrospective analysis of histologically confirmed cases of Kaposi's sarcoma over a period of 16 years was undertaken. Fresh sections of slides were reviewed independently by two pathologists. Results: A total of 65 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were documented, accounting for 1.37% of all cancers seen within the period. Forty five were males and 20 females giving a ratio of 1:0.25. Leg and foot lesions accounted for 58.5% of all the lesions. Sixteen (24.16%) cases were HIV positive. The peak age at presentation was 26-45 years (range 12 - 60 years). The predominant histological pattern was spindle cell formation with fibroblastic background and vascular slits lined by plump anaplastic endothelial lining filled red blood cells. Patients with single lesion and multiple lesions confined to restricted areas showed regression after a combination of alpha interferon and cytotoxic drugs administration. Conclusion: The prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma seems to be on the increase in our environment. The control measure being put on forward by various agencies may help to slow down the emergence of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma