Decision making and risky behavior in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 10-year longitudinal study

We assessed 85 children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 50 typically developing children (TD) (Mage = 11.59, 57.8% boys) with the Hungry Donkey Task (HDT) at baseline and 2-year follow-up, and the Iowa Gambling Task at 10-year follow-up (75% retention). Improvement in the proportion of advantageous choices was observed from two- to 10-year follow-up, but the ADHD group improved less and was outperformed by the TD group at the 10-year follow-up. More advantageous choices on the HDT at baseline predicted less risky behaviour at 10-year follow-up. Male sex and more inattentive or externalizing symptoms at base line predicted more risky behaviour