Changes in gene expression after immune challenge.

(A) Proportion of lamellocytes in different transcriptional states in D. simulans and D. sechellia larvae under control and immune-challenged conditions, estimated from bulk RNA-seq data with CIBERSORTx. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals. (B) Changes in the expression of immunity genes in the D. simulans and D. sechellia fat body after immune challenge. Bars represent the scaled mean count per million of gene expression in control larvae and 24 hours after injection with mineral oil containing wasp homogenate. Only genes with a greater than two-fold change in expression in at least one species are shown. Significance of the change in expression after infection was defined by false discovery rate (FDR): 0.05*, 0.01**, 0.001***.