Ameliorative Sexual Behavior and Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitory Effects of <i>Spondias mangifera</i> Fruit Extract in Rodents: <i>In Silico</i>, <i>In Vitro</i>, and <i>In Vivo</i> Study

The ethanolic extracts of Spondias mangifera fruit (SMFE) were evaluated for aphrodisiac activity. The in-vitro phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibition was assessed based on in-silico molecular docking and simulation studies. In addition, the in-vivo sexual behavior was analyzed in the form of mount (MF, ML), intromission (IF, IL), and ejaculation (EF, EL) frequencies and latencies to validate the in-vitro results. Some biochemical parameters, including PDE-5, nitric oxide, and testosterone, were also observed. The above extract constituted β-amyrin, β-sitosterol, and oleanolic acid and showed tremendous binding with phosphodiesterase-5 and sildenafil. Both the sildenafil and ethanolic extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg/d bodyweight) significantly (p p p p p p p p S. mangifera ethanolic extract might be a valuable alternate aphrodisiac for erectile dysfunction